What is “Tier 0” in Storage Environments?

Tier "0" is not new in storage market but for implementation purposes it has been difficult to accommodate because it requires best performance and lowest latency. Enterprise Flash disks (Solid State Disks) capable to meet this requirement. It is possible to get more performance for company most critical applications. The performance can be gained through using Flash drives supported in VMAX and DMX-4 systems.  Read More →

EMC PowerPath Pseudo Devices

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Lets first disuss what is Powerpath software. If you are familiar with EMC product and then definitelly will be using EMC Powerpath software.
Those who are new to storage world, it will interesting to know about this product as there are only few software in this category like DMP,PVLINK, LVM etc from other vendor. This sofware is one of the most robust compare to other, thats reason EMC generationg more revenue out of this Product.... .

EMC PowerPath software is Host/Server based failover software, what is that mean failover. failover can be anything like server,HBA,Fabric etc. If you have fully licenced package in your enviornment then you will have all capability. Most important not least this software got good feature like dynamic IO Loading and Automatic Failure detection which is missing in other product. Basically in short we can define that EMC PowerPath provides you to have HA configuration. EMC Powerpath slogan is like "set it and forget".

EMC PowerPath features a driver residing on the host above HBA Device Layer. This transparent componenet allows PowerPath to create Virtual(power) devices that provide failure resistant and load balanced paths to storage systems. An application needs only to reference a virt ual device while Powerpath manages path allocation to storage system.
With PowerPath, the route between server and storage system can assume a complex path. One powerpath device include as many as 32 physical I/O paths ( 16 for Clariion), with each path designated to the operating system by different name.
In most cases, the application must be reconfigured to use pseudo devices, otherwise PowerPath load balancing and path failover functionality will not be available.




The following describe whether application need to be reconfigure to use pseudo devices.
1) Windows Plateform :- No. ( Application not require to reconfigured to use Pseudo Devices )
2) AIX :- NO- For LVM, Yes, if applicaiton do not use LVM
3) HP-UX - NO
4) Solaris :- Yes, Incluing filesystem mounting tables and volume managers.
5) Linux :- Same as Solaris
if you attach new LUN to Host, powerpath automatically detect that LUN if you have exposed correctly and create device name like emcpower1c, emcpower2c etc, even when you type command on CLI like
#powermt display dev=all;
you will be able to device entry like emcpowerN.....
Hope this will help you to understand why powerpath uses pseudo devices?

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What are the differences between failover modes on a CLARiiON array?

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What are the differences between failover modes on a CLARiiON array?

A CLARiiON array is an Active/Passive device and uses a LUN ownership model. In other words, when a LUN is bound it has a default owner, either SP-A or SP-B. I/O requests traveling to a port SP-A can only reach LUNs owned by SP-A and I/O requests traveling to a port on SP-B can only reach LUNs owned SP-B. It is necessary to have different failover methods because in certain situations a host will need to access a LUN on the non-owning SP.

The following failover modes apply:

Failover Mode 0 –

LUN Based Trespass Mode This failover mode is the default and works in conjunction with the Auto-trespass feature. Auto-trespass is a mode of operation that is set on a LUN by LUN basis. If Auto-Trespass is enabled on the LUN, the non-owning SP will report that the LUN exists and is available for access. The LUN will trespass to the SP where the I/O request is sent. Every time the LUN is trespassed a Unit Attention message is recorded. If Auto-trespass is disabled, the non-owning SP will report that the LUN exists but it is not available for access. If an I/O request is sent to the non-owning SP, it is rejected and the LUN’s ownership will not change.
Note: The combination of Failover Mode 0 and Auto-Trespass can be dangerous if the host is sending I/O requests to both SP-A and SP-B because the LUN will need to trespass to fulfill each request. This combination is most commonly seen on an HP-UX server using PV-Links. The Auto-trespass feature is enabled through the Initiator Type setting of HP-AutoTrespass. A host with no failover software should use the combination of Failover Mode 0 and Auto-trespass disabled.

Failover Mode 1 – Passive Not Ready Mode In this mode of operation the non-owning SP will report that all non-owned LUNs exist and are available for access. Any I/O request that is made to the non-owning SP will be rejected. A Test Unit Ready (TUR) command sent to the non-owning SP will return with a status of device not ready. This mode is similar to Failover Mode 0 with Auto-Trespass disabled. Note: This mode is most commonly used with PowerPath. To a host without PowerPath, and configured with Failover Mode 1, every passive path zoned, for example, a path to SP-B for a LUN owned by SP-A, will show to the server as Not Ready. This will show as with offline errors on a Solaris server, SC_DISK_ERR2 errors with sense bytes 0102, 0700, and 0403 on an AIX server or buffer to I/O errors on a Linux server. If PowerPath is installed, these types of messages should not occur.

Failover Mode 2 – DMP Mode In this mode of operation the non-owning SP will report that all non-owned LUNs exist and are available for access. This is similar to Failover Mode 0 with Auto-trespass Enabled. Any I/O requests made to the non-owning SP will cause the LUN to be trespassed to the SP that is receiving the request. The difference between this mode and Auto-trespass mode is that Unit Attention messages are suppressed. Note: This mode is used for some Veritas DMP configurations on some operating systems. Because of the similarities to Auto-Trespass, this mode has been known to cause “Trespass Storms.” If a server runs a script that probes all paths to the Clariion, for instance format on a Solaris server, the LUN will trespass to the non owning SP when the I/O request is sent there. If this occurs for multiple LUNs, a significant amount of trespassing will occur.

Failover Mode 3 – Passive Always Ready Mode In this mode of operation the non-owning SP will report that all non-owned LUNs exist and are available for access. Any I/O requests sent to the Non-owning SP will be rejected. This is similar to Failover Mode 1. However, any Test Unit Ready command sent from the server will return with a success message, even to the non-owning SP. Note: This mode is only used on AIX servers under very specific configuration parameters and has been developed to better handle a CLARiiON non-disruptive upgrade (NDU) when AIX servers are attached.

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How VERITAS Dynamic Multi-Pathing (DMP) works with a CLARiiON array?

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DMP With CLARiiON:-

CLARiiON arrays are active-passive devices that allow only one path at a time to be used for I/O. The path that is used for I/O is called the active or primary path. An alternate path (or secondary path) is configured for use in the event that the primary path fails. If the primary path to the array is lost, DMP automatically routes I/O over the secondary path or other available primary paths.

For active/passive disk arrays, VxVM uses the available primary path as long as it is accessible. DMP shifts I/O to the secondary path only when the primary path fails. This is called "failover" or "standby" mode of operation for I/O. To avoid the continuous transfer of ownership of LUNs from one controller to another, which results in a severe slowdown of I/O, do not access any LUN on other than the primary path (which could be any of four available paths on a FC4700 and CX-Series arrays).

Note: DMP does not perform load balancing across paths for active-passive disk arrays.

DMP failover functionality is supported and should attempt to limit any scripts or processes from using the passive paths to the CLARiiON array. This will prevent DMP from causing unwanted LUN trespasses.

To view potential trespasses, look at the ktrace (kt_std) information from SPcollect, messages similar the following can be seen happening with regularity.

09:07:31.995 412 820f6440 LUSM Enter LU 34 state=LU_SHUTDOWN_TRESPASS
09:07:35.970 203 820f6440 LUSM Enter LU 79 state=LU_SHUTDOWN_TRESPASS
09:07:40.028 297 820f6440 LUSM Enter LU 13 state=LU_SHUTDOWN_TRESPASS
09:07:42.840 7 820f6440 LUSM Enter LU 57 state=LU_SHUTDOWN_TRESPASS

The "Enter LU ##" is the decimal array LUN number one would see in the Navisphere Manager browser. When the messages occur, there will be no 606 trespass messages in the SP event logs. This is an indication that thetrespasses are the 'masked out' DMP trespass messages. Executing I/Os to the /dev/dsk device entry will cause this to happen.

Using the SPcollect SP_navi_getall.txt file, check the storagegroup listing to find out which hosts these LUNs belong to. Then obtain an EMCGrab/EMCReport from the affected hosts and you will need to look for a host-based process that could potentially be sending I/O down the 'passive' path. Those I/Os can be caused by performance scripts, format or devfsadm commands being run or even host monitoring software that polls all device paths.
One workaround is to install and configure EMC PowerPath. PowerPath disables the auto trespass mode and is designed to handle I/O requests properly so that the passive path is not used unless required. This will require changing the host registration parameter "failover mode" to a '1'. This failover mode is termed an "explicit mode" and it will resolve the type of trespass issues noted above.

Setting Failover Values for Initiators Connected to a Specific Storage System:

Navisphere Manager lets you edit or add storage system failover values for any or all of the HBA initiators that are connected to a storage system and displayed in the Connectivity Status dialog box for that storage system.

1. In the Enterprise Storage dialog box, navigate to the icon for the storage system whose failover properties you want to add or edit.
2. Right-click the storage system icon, and click Connectivity Status.
3. In the Connectivity Status dialog box, click Group Edit to open the Group Edit Initiators dialog box.
4. Select the initiators whose New Initiator Information values you want to add or change, and then add or edit the values in Initiator Type, ArrayCommPath and Failover Mode.
5. Click OK to save the settings and close the dialog box.
Navisphere updates the initiator records for the selected initiators, and registers any unregistered initiators.

Background Verify and Trespassing

Background Verify must be run by the SP that currently owns the LUN. Trespassing is a means of transferring current ownership of a LUN from one SP to the other. Therefore, aborting a Background Verify is part of the trespass operation – it is a necessary step.

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About Me

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Sr. Solutions Architect; Expertise: - Cloud Design & Architect - Data Center Consolidation - DC/Storage Virtualization - Technology Refresh - Data Migration - SAN Refresh - Data Center Architecture More info:- diwakar@emcstorageinfo.com
Blog Disclaimer: “The opinions expressed here are my personal opinions. Content published here is not read or approved in advance by EMC and does not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of EMC.”
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